Gynaecological cancers affect the reproductive organs of women — the cervix, ovaries, uterus (endometrium), fallopian tubes, vagina, and vulva. Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in India, largely preventable through HPV vaccination and regular Pap smear screening. Ovarian cancer, though less common, is often diagnosed late because of vague symptoms. Uterine (endometrial) cancer typically presents with post-menopausal bleeding, making early diagnosis more likely. At Charak Hospital, our team offers complete cancer care — from diagnostic colposcopy and biopsy through to surgical staging, radical surgery, and coordination with oncology for chemotherapy and radiation.
Warning Signs — When to See a Gynaecological Oncologist
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding — after menopause, between periods, or after sex
- Persistent pelvic pain or pressure lasting more than 2 weeks
- Abdominal bloating, fullness, or a mass you can feel
- Abnormal Pap smear result (ASCUS, HSIL) or positive HPV test
- Unusual vaginal discharge — blood-stained or foul-smelling
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
- Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
Gynaecological Cancers We Treat
Cervical Cancer (Bacchedani ke Munh ka Cancer)
Caused primarily by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Screened by Pap smear and colposcopy. Treated by colposcopy and LEEP for pre-cancers, radical hysterectomy, or radiation + chemotherapy for invasive cancer. HPV vaccination prevents up to 70% of cases.
Ovarian Cancer
Surgery (staging laparotomy, salpingo-oophorectomy) followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Fertility-sparing surgery for young women with early-stage disease.
Uterine / Endometrial Cancer
Usually presents early with post-menopausal bleeding. Treated with hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without radiation. Excellent outcomes when caught early.
Our Diagnostic & Treatment Approach
- Pap smear and HPV DNA testing for cervical screening
- Colposcopy and directed biopsy for abnormal smears
- CA-125, HE4, pelvic ultrasound, MRI/CT for ovarian/uterine cancer staging
- Endometrial biopsy / hysteroscopy for abnormal bleeding
- Staging surgery — laparoscopic or open depending on cancer type and stage
- Radical hysterectomy with lymph node dissection for cervical cancer
- Coordination with medical oncology for chemotherapy
- Coordination with radiation oncology for chemoradiation
Recovery & Aftercare
Recovery after gynaecological cancer surgery varies from 4–8 weeks depending on the extent of surgery. We provide detailed post-operative instructions, pathology review, and a clear follow-up schedule for surveillance. Our team provides psychological support referrals and connects patients with cancer survivorship resources.
Why Choose Charak Hospital?
- NABH-accredited facility
- Senior gynaecology team
- Laparoscopic & advanced surgical options
- 24×7 emergency care
- Full NICU & PICU backup
- Transparent treatment planning
- Compassionate multilingual staff
- Affordable, transparent pricing
Frequently Asked Questions
Early cervical cancer often has no symptoms at all—this is why regular screening (Pap smear or HPV test) is so important. When symptoms appear they include unusual vaginal discharge (watery, bloody, or foul-smelling), bleeding after sex, bleeding between periods, or spotting after menopause. If you notice any of these symptoms for more than 2 weeks, see a gynaecologist immediately—early detection means very high chances of cure.
Yes—when caught at an early stage, cervical cancer has a very high cure rate, often over 90%. Even in later stages, treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy can be very effective. The key is not to delay—many women in India ignore symptoms due to embarrassment or fear, which allows the cancer to advance unnecessarily. Charak Hospital's oncology team provides comprehensive gynae cancer treatment in Lucknow.
A Pap smear is a simple, quick cervical screening test done in the gynaecologist's clinic—a small brush collects cells from the cervix and sends them for examination. It takes about 2 minutes, may cause mild discomfort, but is not painful. Every woman between the ages of 21 and 65 who is or has been sexually active should have one every 3 years—it is the single best way to catch cervical changes before they become cancer.
Yes—the HPV vaccine is highly recommended and is most effective when given before a girl becomes sexually active, ideally between ages 9 and 14. However, women up to age 45 can also benefit. The vaccine protects against the HPV strains responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancers. It does not replace Pap smear screening; both together offer the best protection.
Ovarian cancer is known as the 'silent killer' because its symptoms are vague and easily dismissed. Warning signs include persistent bloating, feeling full quickly when eating, pelvic or abdominal pain, and frequent urination. If these symptoms occur almost every day for more than 2–3 weeks and are new for you, see a doctor. An ultrasound and a blood test (CA-125) can help in evaluation.
The most common symptom of uterine (endometrial) cancer is abnormal uterine bleeding—especially any bleeding after menopause, or very heavy/irregular bleeding in perimenopause. This is why post-menopausal bleeding should never be ignored or assumed to be 'normal.' Diagnosis is made through an endometrial biopsy or hysteroscopy, and when caught early, uterine cancer is very treatable.
Cervical cancer itself is not contagious, but the virus that causes it (HPV) is sexually transmitted. Most sexually active people encounter HPV at some point, and for most, the immune system clears it naturally. Only in a small percentage does it persist and eventually lead to cervical changes or cancer over many years. This is why regular screening is important—to catch those rare cases early.
In India, cervical cancer screening with Pap smear or HPV testing is recommended for all women from age 25 onwards (or from age 21 if sexually active). Women aged 30–65 should have an HPV test every 5 years or a Pap smear every 3 years. Women at higher risk—due to multiple partners, immunosuppression, or a previous abnormal result—may need more frequent testing.
No—the vast majority of ovarian cysts are benign (non-cancerous) and resolve on their own. Ovarian cancer is much rarer and is different in its characteristics, behaviour, and appearance on ultrasound. A gynaecologist will assess the size, type, and characteristics of a cyst; blood markers and imaging help determine if any concern exists. Do not panic at the word 'cyst'—most are harmless.
Treatment depends on the cancer type and stage, but usually involves a combination of surgery (removing the tumour or affected organs), chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. Minimally invasive (laparoscopic or robotic) surgery is now possible for many early-stage gynaecological cancers, meaning smaller incisions and faster recovery. Your oncology team will explain each step clearly, and decisions are always made together with the patient and family.
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