Hernia
A bulge that may need repair

A hernia happens when part of an organ or fatty tissue pushes through a weak spot in the muscle wall, usually in the groin or abdomen. It often shows as a bulge that grows on standing or coughing and goes back on lying down. Hernias do not heal on their own, and many are repaired with surgery to prevent complications.

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About hernia

What is a hernia?

Common types are inguinal (groin) hernia, more common in men; umbilical hernia near the navel; incisional hernia through an old surgical scar; femoral hernia, more common in women; and hiatus hernia, where part of the stomach slides up into the chest. Heavy lifting, chronic cough, constipation, pregnancy and obesity increase pressure on the abdominal wall.

  • A bulge that comes and goes is typical
  • Most need planned surgery, not emergency care
  • A painful, hard bulge that will not go back is an emergency
  • Mesh is commonly used to strengthen the repair
  • Belts or trusses do not cure hernias

Examine

Most are diagnosed on examination.

Scan

Ultrasound if unclear.

Repair

Open or keyhole surgery.

Recover

Back to routine in weeks.

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Symptoms

Symptoms of a hernia

Some hernias cause no symptoms apart from a bulge.

Bulge

In the groin, navel or near a scar.

Grows on effort

Bigger on coughing, standing or lifting.

Heaviness

A dragging feeling in the groin.

Discomfort on lifting

Ache when bending or lifting.

Scrotal swelling

A groin hernia can extend into the scrotum.

Bulge near the navel

Common in babies and after pregnancy.

Heartburn

In hiatus hernia.

Constipation

Straining can make it worse.

Go to emergency if: the bulge becomes hard, painful or red, or cannot be pushed back, especially with vomiting or being unable to pass gas — the hernia may be trapped (strangulated). Call 0522-666-4444.

Diagnosis

How a hernia is diagnosed

Most hernias are found on examination.

Examination

Standing and coughing to see the bulge.

Ultrasound

When the diagnosis is unclear.

CT scan

For complex or incisional hernias.

Fitness tests

Blood tests and ECG before surgery.

Surgical plan

Open or laparoscopic, based on type and health.

Treatment

Treatment

Surgery is the only way to repair a hernia.

Keyhole hernia surgery

The hernia is repaired from the inside through small cuts using a camera, and a mesh is placed to strengthen the wall. It is often used for hernias on both sides and recurrent hernias.

Small cutsGeneral anaesthesiaOften home the same or next day

Suitable for

  • Groin hernias on both sides
  • Recurrent hernias

Good to know

  • Not every hernia suits keyhole repair
  • Your surgeon will explain the options
Recovery

Before and after hernia surgery

General guidance — always follow the advice your own doctor gives you.

Lifting

Avoid heavy lifting for about 4 to 6 weeks after surgery, or as advised.

Avoid straining

Eat fibre, drink water, and get constipation or a long-lasting cough treated.

Stay active

Walk from the first day; most people return to office work in 1 to 2 weeks.

Contact us urgently if

  • A hard, painful bulge
  • A bulge that will not go back
  • Vomiting with abdominal swelling
  • Fever or wound discharge after surgery
0522-666-4444
Myths & facts

Myths about hernia

Tap a card to see the fact.

Myth

“A hernia belt cures a hernia.”

Tap to flip
Fact

A belt may support the bulge but does not repair the weak spot.

Myth

“Hernias go away with exercise.”

Tap to flip
Fact

Exercise does not close a hernia, and some exercises can worsen it.

Myth

“Surgery is only needed when it hurts.”

Tap to flip
Fact

Your surgeon may advise repair to stop the hernia from getting trapped.

Your care team

General and paediatric surgeons

Laparoscopic surgery Hernia surgery Paediatrics
Practical help

What to bring, costs & insurance

A little preparation helps us help you faster.

What to bring to your visit

Tick off as you pack:

  • Ultrasound reports, if done
  • List of current medicines
  • Details of any previous surgery

Costs & insurance

Costs depend on the tests and treatment you need and the length of any hospital stay. Ask our team for a written estimate.

  • ✓Written estimate— ask for one before planned procedures or admission.
  • ✓Health insurance & TPA— cashless treatment for admissions under tie-up insurers; outpatient visits depend on your policy.
  • ✓Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY) accepted for eligible admissions.
  • ✓Corporate & PSU panels— ask whether your employer has a tie-up with Charak Hospital.

*Coverage depends on your policy and the treatment. Our insurance desk can check this for you.

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FAQs

Frequently asked questions

Can a hernia be treated without surgery?

A hernia does not close on its own. Some small hernias with few symptoms can be watched, but most are repaired.

Is mesh safe?

Mesh is widely used and lowers the chance of the hernia coming back. Your surgeon will discuss the risks.

How long is recovery?

Light activity within days; heavy lifting after about 4 to 6 weeks.

Can a hernia come back?

Yes, occasionally. Avoiding straining and following advice lowers the risk.

Glossary

Words you may hear

Inguinal herniaA hernia in the groin.
Incisional herniaA hernia through an old surgical scar.
StrangulationWhen a trapped hernia loses its blood supply — an emergency.
MeshA medical net used to strengthen the repair.

No matching term. Please ask your doctor at your next visit.

Related pages

Related departments and guides

Laparoscopic surgery Hernia surgery Appendicitis Acid reflux (GERD) Health library

Noticed a bulge in the groin or tummy?

Get it checked. See a surgeon at Charak Hospital or call 0522-666-4444.

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Medical information disclaimer: This page provides general health information for patients and families. It is not a substitute for a consultation, diagnosis or treatment by a qualified doctor. Treatment decisions depend on each patient's individual condition. In an emergency, call 0522-666-4444 or go to the nearest emergency department.

About this page: Prepared by the Charak Hospital web team with the help of AI writing tools, using information from the Department of Minimal Access/Laparoscopic & Bariatric Surgery, Charak Hospital & Research Centre ·  Last updated: October 2026

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